Calcium supplementation, bone mineral density and bone mineral content. Predictors of bone mass changes in adolescent mothers during the 6-month postpartum period

We determined the effect of calcium supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) and identified predictors of bone mass changes in adolescent mothers 6 months postpartum. A prospective, analytical, clinical study was performed in adolescent mothers (≤19 years old; n=37) from La Plata, Argentina. At 15 days postpartum, mothers were randomly assigned into one of two groups and started with calcium supplementation; one group received dairy products (932 mg Ca; n=19) and the other calcium citrate tablets (1000 mg calcium/day; n=18). Weight, height and dietary intake were measured and BMD was determined by DEXA at 15 days (baseline) and 6 months postpartum. BMC, total body BMD and BMD were assessed in lumbar spine, femoral neck, trochanter and total hip. Regression models were used to identify the relationship of total body BMD and BMC with independent variables (calcium supplementation, months of lactation, weight at 6 months, percent weight change, lean mass at 6 months, percent lean mass change, total calcium intake). Results showed that changes in BMD and BMC at the different sites were similar in both groups, and changes in percent body weight and total calcium intake were the main predictive factors. In conclusion, the effect of calcium was similar with either form of supplementation, i.e., dairy products or tablets, and changes in percent body weight and total calcium intake were predictors of total body BMD and BMC changes.

Suplementación con calcio, densidad mineral ósea y contenido mineral óseo. Predictores de cambios en la masa ósea en madres adolescentes a los 6 meses postparto. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el efecto de dos formas de suplementare calcio sobre la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) y el contenido mineral óseo (CMO), e identificar predictores de cambios en la masa ósea en madres adolescentes a los 6 meses postparto. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, analítico y clínico en madres adolescentes (≤19 años; n=37) de la ciudad de La Plata, Argentina. A partir de los 15 días postparto, las adolescentes fueron distribuidas al azar en 2 grupos y comenzaron con la suplementación con calcio; un grupo recibió productos lácteos (932 mg Ca; n=19) y el otro citrato de calcio (1000 mg calcio/día; n=18). Se midió peso, altura y consumo de alimentos y se determinó la DMO por DEXA a los 15 días (línea de base) y a los 6 meses postparto. También se determinó CMO, DMO corporal total y DMO de columna lumbar, cuello femoral, trocánter y cadera total. Se usaron modelos de regresión para identificar relaciones entre DMO corporal total y CMO con variables independientes (tipo de suplementación, meses de lactancia, peso a los 6 meses, porcentaje de cambio de peso, masa magra a los 6 meses, porcentaje de cambio de masa magra, consumo total de calcio). Los resultados muestran que los cambios en DMO y CMO en los distintos sitios fueron similares en ambos grupos, y que los cambios en los porcentajes de peso corporal e ingesta total de calcio fueron los principales factores predictivos. En conclusión, el efecto del calcio fue similar tanto con productos lácteos como con comprimidos. Los cambios porcentuales en peso corporal e ingesta total de calcio resultaron factores predictivos de los cambios de la DMO corporal total y el CMO.

Calcium supplementation, bone mineral density and bone mineral content. Predictors of bone mass changes in adolescent mothers during the 6-month postpartum period.

We determined the effect of calcium supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) and identified predictors of bone mass changes in adolescent mothers 6 months postpartum. A prospective, analytical, clinical study was performed in adolescent mothers (< or = 19 years old; n = 37) from La Plata, Argentina. At 15 days postpartum, mothers were randomly assigned into one of two groups and started with calcium supplementation; one group received dairy products (932 mg Ca; n = 19) and the other calcium citrate tablets (1000 mg calcium/day; n = 18). Weight, height and dietary intake were measured and BMD was determined by DEXA at 15 days (baseline) and 6 months postpartum. BMC, total body BMD and BMD were assessed in lumbar spine, femoral neck, trochanter and total hip. Regression models were used to identify the relationship of total body BMD and BMC with independent variables (calcium supplementation, months of lactation, weight at 6 months, percent weight change, lean mass at 6 months, percent lean mass change, total calcium intake). Results showed that changes in BMD and BMC at the different sites were similar in both groups, and changes in percent body weight and total calcium intake were the main predictive factors. In conclusion, the effect of calcium was similar with either form of supplementation, i.e., dairy products or tablets, and changes in percent body weight and total calcium intake were predictors of total body BMD and BMC changes.

Changes in bone mineral density of adolescent mothers during the 12-month postpartum period.

OBJECTIVE: Bone mineral density (BMD) loss has been described in adult women in the 12-month postpartum period. However, little is known about the precise BMD pattern in adolescent mothers. The present study aimed to evaluate BMD in Argentinean adolescent mothers followed up during the 12-month postpartum period. DESIGN: Analytical, prospective clinical trial. BMD and body composition were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD were measured in the lumbar spine (L2-L4), femoral neck (FN), femur trochanter (TR), total hip (TH) and total body. Changes in BMD and BMC were analysed using ANOVA for pairwise comparisons. Other comparisons were performed with the paired-sample t test and Wilcoxon test; Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyse the relationship among continuous variables. SETTING: La Plata, Argentina. SUBJECTS: Adolescent mothers (n 35; 17 years old or less) were recruited within 15 d after delivery. Studies and follow-up were performed at 15 d and 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum. RESULTS: BMD and BMC losses at 3 and 6 months and recovery at 12 months fitted a quadratic curve (ANOVA) at the three sites studied (FN, TH, TR), in total-body BMD (P = 0.000) and BMC (P = 0.038). At hip sites, BMD loss occurred at 3 months (FN, P = 0.000; TR, P = 0.000; TH, P = 0.000) and 6 months (FN, P = 0.000; TR, P = 0.000; TH, P = 0.000) compared with basal values. Percentage BMD loss immediately after delivery up to 6 months was about 5 %. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents showed significant BMD and BMC losses at 6 months postpartum, with an almost total recovery at 12 months in all sites studied.

Concentración de hipoclorito de sodio como solución irrigadora durante el trabajo biomecánico en el tratamiento de conductos radiculares en piezas permanentes monoradiculares recién extraídas / Concentration of sodium hypochlorite as an irrigating solution during biomechanical work in the treatment of root canals in recently extracted single-root permanent teeth

El presente trabajo trata sobre la concentración de Hipoclorito de sodio como solución irrigadora durante el trabajo biomecánico (TBM) en el tratamiento de canales radiculares (TCR) en piezas permanentes monoradiculares recién extraídas se divide en cinco capítulos que se mencionan a continuación: El primer capítulo lleva por titulo "Planteamiento del problema" que se subdivide en Situación problemática en donde se da a conocer la importancia de mantener el mayor tiempo posible en la cavidad oral. Seguidamente se encuentra la Justificación, en la que se argumenta que se hace necesaria la investigación para comprobar si el Hipoclorito de sodio logra la desinfección del sistema de conductos radiculares, dados los resultados se podrá implementar medidas adecuadas en la FOUES y un tercer apartado son los Objetivos de la investigación. En el segundo capítulo titulado: Marco teórico, se divide en Antecedentes del problema y la base teórica de la investigación. En el tercer capítulo lleva por tema Formulación y operacionalización de hipótesis, se presenta en primer lugar la Hipótesis general que trata de dar respuesta al capítulo I, posteriormente se encuentran las hipótesis específicas de cada concentración del hipoclorito de sodio. Se muestra también un apartado de Operacionalización de variables e indicadores. El capítulo cuarto trata sobre la Metodología, presenta la clasificación cuasiexperimental de la investigación, también se menciona la técnica de observación para la recolección de datos de los instrumentos. El quinto capítulo denominado: Resultados de la investigación, muestra en un primer momento los cuadros estadísticos y descripción de los datos que se obtuvieron durante el experimento, luego está la comprobación de hipótesis, Conclusiones y recomendaciones que se brindan en base a las experiencias obtenidas. Posteriormente se encuentra la Bibliografía que se consultó para la investigación, luego una serie de Anexos que aportan un mayor información al trabajo y para finalizar encontraremos Los Apéndices.

The present work deals with the concentration of sodium hypochlorite as an irrigating solution during biomechanical work (TBM) in the treatment of root canals (TCR) in recently extracted permanent monoradicular pieces, it is divided into five chapters that are mentioned below: The first chapter It is entitled "Statement of the problem" which is subdivided into Problematic situation where the importance of keeping as long as possible in the oral cavity is made known. Next is the Justification, in which it is argued that research is necessary to verify if sodium hypochlorite achieves disinfection of the root canal system, given the results, appropriate measures can be implemented in the FOUES and a third section is the Research objectives. In the second chapter entitled: Theoretical framework, it is divided into Background of the problem and the theoretical basis of the research. In the third chapter, the topic is Formulation and operationalization of hypotheses, the general hypothesis that tries to respond to chapter I is presented first, then the specific hypotheses of each concentration of sodium hypochlorite are found. A section on Operationalization of variables and indicators is also shown. The fourth chapter deals with the Methodology, presents the quasi-experimental classification of the research, the observation technique for the collection of data from the instruments is also mentioned. The fifth chapter called: Research results, shows at first the statistical tables and description of the data that were obtained during the experiment, then there is the verification of hypotheses, Conclusions and recommendations that are provided based on the experiences obtained. Subsequently, there is the Bibliography that was consulted for the investigation, then a series of Annexes that provide more information to the work and finally we will find The Appendices.